Māui

Papatūānuku, often referred to as Mother Earth in traditional Māori beliefs, holds a central place in the Māori worldview. Papatūānuku is revered not just as the physical land but also as the primary progenitor from whom all life originates (Mead, 2003; Royal, 2012). Papatūānuku is the foundation of our physical and spiritual existence, giving birth to all things, including humanity (Barlow, 1991, p.52). Māori Marsden wrote of the Māori relationship with Papatūānuku as one of kinship. ‘As descendants of the primal parent, they see themselves as part of the natural world, not separate from it’ (Marsden, 2003, p. 67).

Furthermore, Papatūānuku's role extends beyond mere creation; she is a nurturing and sustaining force. The land provides sustenance in the form of food, shelter, and resources, and it is also the realm where the spirits of the deceased return. Barlow emphasises her nurturing essence, stating, "Through her, Māori people receive the strength and capacity to live, and it is to her that they return upon death" (Barlow, 1991, p. 58). This profound connection underscores Māori deep-rooted respect for the land and responsibility to care for and protect it as both a life-giver and life-sustainer.

Understanding the reverence for Papatūānuku helps in identifying values from traditional Māori texts like mōteatea and oriori, which contain teachings, values, and philosophies passed down through generations. This understanding helps maintain the connection Māori have with the land, history, and ancestors, reinforcing Māori identity and guiding Māori interactions with the world around them. Text Style